The School of Medicine offers post-graduate residency & fellowship training in the state's two major metropolitan areas, Las Vegas and Reno. These programs, along with medical student clerkships and electives, are conducted at affiliated hospitals in Las Vegas and Reno as well as ambulatory care facilities, including the school's Family Medicine Centers in Las Vegas and Reno. Each department provides training with a special emphasis on the comprehensive and longitudinal care of patients. The residency programs offered in Las Vegas are: Family Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Internal Medicine and Surgery. The residency programs offered in Reno are: Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Psychiatry.

The Department of Family Medicine in Las Vegas conducts a 12 month Obstetrics fellowship leading to advanced skills in maternal/child health as well as a Sports Medicine fellowship affiliated with the athletic department of UNLV. The Department of Surgery offers a fellowship in trauma, critical care and hand microsurgery.